Rememory in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essay -- Toni Morrison Beloved Ess

Rememory in Toni Morrisons Beloved To survive, one must depend on the acceptance and integration of what is past and what is present. In her novel Beloved, Toni Morrison carefully constructs events that parallel the way the human mind functions this serves as a means by which the lector can understand the activity of memory. Rememory enables Sethe, the novels protagonist, to reconstruct her past realities. The vividness that Sethe brings to every moment through recurring images characterizes her understanding of herself. Through rememory, Morrison is able to carry Sethe on a journey from being a woman who identifies herself only with motherhood, to a woman who begins to identify herself as a human being. Morrison glorifies the potential of language, and her faith in the power and construction of words instills trust in her readers that Sethe has claimed ownership of her freed self. The structure of Morrisons novel, which is arranged in trimesters, carries the reader on a mo thers journey beginning with the realisation of a haunting new presence, then gradually coming to terms with ones fears and reservations, and last giving birth to a new identity while reclaiming ones own. Morrison characterizes the foremost trimester of Beloved as a time of unrest in order to create an unpleasant tone associated with any memories being stirred. Sethe struggles daily to block break through her past. The first thing that she does when she gets to work is to knead bread Working dough. Working, working dough. Nothing better than that to the days serious work of beating back the past (Morrison 73). The inbred and external scars which slavery has left on Sethes soul are irreparable. Each time she relives a memory, she ... ...ge with Sethe. She not only searches for her face, but wants to be that face. In fetching ownership of herself, Sethe unshackles herself from the ghosts of her past. Beloved has helped Sethe to free herself, and now can finally depart. Beloved takes Sethes complex past and from it lifts one of lifes simple truths only you can define yourself. Sethe is finally free and at peace. From spiteful to loud to quiet, 124 Bluestone Road has evolved just as the characters have. All have remembered. Redemption comes because the past has been reconciled. Forgetting comes only with the pain of remembering, and in a world of rememories, we are bound to bump in to one of our own. Morrison gives birth to a story and in doing so claims ownership for herself, which is something only she could do. Works Cited Morrison, Toni. Beloved. new-sprung(prenominal) York Plume, 1987.

Education Can End Systematic Oppression Essay -- Poverty and Oppressio

The subject of expectations for higher education is one that tends to spark impassioned count among educators, students and parents alike. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed Paulo Freire presses his audience to consider such expectations in light of ones own intentions, motives, and affections toward those to be educated (Freire 50). He goes horizontal further to suggest that a love for one a nonher through empathetic dialogue, especially on the part of the educator, must be present in order for fear to be wiped away and liberation to eventually take its place (Freire 89,90). It was that dialogical approach that made Freires literacy programs so successful in brazil until his work was interrupted by a military dictatorship in the mid-60s and he was arrested and exiled to Chile (Palmer 128). Even after his release he continued to be an advocate for his approach to education, be take a breatherving it worked toward liberation for all, freeing both the oppressor and the oppressed (Palmer 129). Some of the oppressed in our own society include, but are not limited to, individuals sustenance in poverty, immigrants struggling to adapt and grow in a new culture, and people with developmental disabilities due to abuse and neglect. Many opportunities lie at our fingertips in America but until we apply an empathetic approach to reaching the oppressed in our society, we cannot expect all Americans to seek a college class nor will education be a means toward societal change.According to the US Census Bureau, out of the 300 plus million people living in the United States, 46.5 million of them lived in poverty in 2012 without any change from the previous year (Dept of Commerce). Almost 22% of the people were children beneath the age of 18 (Dept of Commerce). A... ...riere_pedagogy.pdf. Hamilton, Jon. Orphans Lonely Beginnings Reveal How Parents Shape A Childs Brain. NPR. NPR, 24 Feb. 2014. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. . Koury, Amanda S., and Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal. School Readiness of Children from Immigrant Families Contributions of Region of Origin, Home, and Childcare. Journal of Educational psychology 106.1 (2014) 268-88. ProQuest. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. Palmer, Joy, David E. Cooper, and Liora Bresler, eds. Fifty Modern Thinkers on Education From Piaget to the Present Day. London Routledge, 2001. Print. WHAT RESEARCH SAYS ABOUT PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN CHILDRENS EDUCATION. SOM - State of shekels. Michigan Department of Education, Mar. 2002. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. .

The Great Depression Essay -- Economics Economy American History

The striking DepressionMany times throughout history, the United States has undergone economic depression. The most recognized period of economic depression is called the great Depression. The Great Depression is well known because of the seriousness of the stock market crash. The results of the crash were more than serious than any other crash throughout American History. The Great Depression caused a change in the nature of the American family, an increase in poverty, and President Herbert Hoovers proposal for immediate flakeion by the government, balanced his notion in rugged individualism with the economic necessities. While most Americans are familiar with the Great Depression as a time of economic disaster, it in like manner had an impact on the American Family life. There were obvious differences in the classes because of the Great Depression. The tear down and the middle classes changed considerably, but the upper class lifestyle did not set out a great deal. The fath ers role as head of the household became more challenging because there were fewer jobs. The expectation was for fathers to work and support their families. The reality of the lower class was that few men brought home paychecks. Some fathers suffered anxiety and a feeling of worthlessness for failing to provide for their families. Many resorted to stealing food and property just to survive. Women were offered greater opportunities in the work force, however they tended to take the position of stay-at-home mothers. Men resented employed women for they felt that they were occupying jobs that could be given to unemployed men. Children in the lower class were expected to get an education so that they could improve their situation. In addition, they were needed at home to support with household chores. Unfortunately, many unfortunate children dropped out of school because of their obligations at home. Children in the middle class were better than those in the lower class. They had the opportunity to stay in school and were treated to more luxuries. The children of the upper class families received an excellent education and were alike treated to many luxuries. Along with a change in the American family life, there was also an increase in poverty. The Great Depression was an intense time of poverty. The downfall of American ... ...s and prevent foreclosures. Hoover also wanted the reform of bankruptcy laws to help in the reconstruction of businesses. He supported a loan of $300 million to states for direct relief, expansion of public works, and cutbacks in the federal government. By proposing this act President Hoover was not giving up his belief in rugged individualism. He was not supporting the Democrats calls for increased welfare. Instead, he was providing better adit to loans and financing so that Americans could help themselves. Although his actions did stop increased destruction from occurring, he did not get the credit he deserved. The Great Depression had an enormous way out on American life. It effected family life by altering the status of the family members. Poverty increased as seen through the number of collapsed American businesses, closed banks, and take down employment rates. President Hoover balanced the economic needs of the country with his personal belief in rugged individualism. He proposed a series of acts to name these economic needs including the Reconstruction Act, The Steal gal Act, and the Federal Home Loan Bank Act.

Who do you think are the happiest: the citizens of Utopia, those of Bensalem, or those of Brave New World? :: essays research papers

Who do you think are the happiest the citizens of Utopia, those of Bensalem, or those of Brave New World?The book definition of happiness is a state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. The true meaning of happiness varies from person to person. Everyone has a different definition of what happiness means to them and what can make one person happy, can make an different person unhappy. For the citizens of Utopia, those of Bensalem, and those of Brave New World, they all claim to be very happy living in their own utopias. However, the genuine question is are they rightfully happy with the way they are living or are they pretending to be happy because that is what they were taught to believe happiness really is. In this essay, I will be writing or so the citizens of Utopia, Bensalem, and Brave New World and explaining which of these citizens I believe are the happiest and why.In Utopia, Hythloday talks about living on the island of Utopia and how he was happy living there. He says he was happy living there because he liked the way the government was pack there and how no one had to worry about money or private property. He believes in communal property because it reduces pride, greed, poverty, and the exploitation of the poor by the wealthy. Since Hythloday also believed that money was the root of all evil, that the unequal distribution of goods is unjust, and that money itself does not bring happiness, the island of Utopia was the perfect society for him. Besides the economic equality in Utopia, he also liked the learning, the studying time for the philosophic types (like himself), and the choice of what religion you wanted to be. Hythlodays definition of happiness is the improvement of the mind. As for the other citizens on the island of Utopia, I dont think they were as happy as Hythloday was. They had to live on a set schedule that they had to follow either day. I would think it would get very boring after awh ile doing the same thing day after day. Everything they did from the minute they woke up in the dayspring to the time they had to be sleeping at night was on a set schedule. They did have time set aside for free time, but redden with that they didnt have much of an option of what they could do.

Separation of Online Communities :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Separation of Online CommunitiesOn January 10 of 2003, I struggled with an inorganic chemical science homework problem on entropy originally the night of my exam. I logged on to an inorganic chemistry forum. This forum is similar to the structure of a classroom. The forum is popular among two types of members, instructors and students. The students post their homework, and the instructors dish out the questions posted by the students. The ordinary subroutine of posts in that billet is 30 per day. The forum is extremely popular and continuously filled with questions and requests for help with homework. I was hoping that someone knew the answer to my question and would suffice to me before my exam. I therefore posted Rank the following element in decrease entropy, Al(s), Ba(s), Hg (l), H2 (g), HBr (g), Thanks for your help I would like to bed the answer of this A.S.A.P because my exam is tomorrow morning. Within an hour I realized this response from Professor Helmenstine, the administrator of the site, also a professor in chemistry discussion section The order should be HBr (g), H2 (g), Hg (l), Ba(s), Al(s). An ordered state has a low chance of occurring and low entropy. A disordered state has a high-pitched probability of occurring and high entropy. Gas has the highest entropy because it is more disordered than any other element. And solid is in the most ordered state therefore it has the utmost entropy. I know this is the first time you posted but I must inform you that integrity is essential in this sites posting. I cheer you follow your schools honor codes and not attempt to get any unauthorized aid from this site. Please check out this sites regulation page and please follow the rules of this site. I hope that I helped and good luck on your exam. (Helmenstine)I was delighted that I was adequate to receive help from a forum. After all, the online communities are similar to what Rheingold stated in his article Virtual Commun ity. In the summer of 1986, my then-two-year-old daughter picked up a tick. there was this blood-bloated thing suck on our babys scalp, and we werent quiet sure how to go about getting it off.Separation of Online Communities Argumentative persuasive PapersSeparation of Online CommunitiesOn January 10 of 2003, I struggled with an inorganic chemistry homework problem on entropy before the night of my exam. I logged on to an inorganic chemistry forum. This forum is similar to the structure of a classroom. The forum is popular among two types of members, instructors and students. The students post their homework, and the instructors answer the questions posted by the students. The average number of posts in that site is 30 per day. The forum is extremely popular and continuously filled with questions and requests for help with homework. I was hoping that someone knew the answer to my question and would respond to me before my exam. I therefore posted Rank the following elem ent in decrease entropy, Al(s), Ba(s), Hg (l), H2 (g), HBr (g), Thanks for your help I would like to know the answer of this A.S.A.P because my exam is tomorrow morning. Within an hour I received this response from Professor Helmenstine, the administrator of the site, also a professor in chemistry department The order should be HBr (g), H2 (g), Hg (l), Ba(s), Al(s). An ordered state has a low probability of occurring and low entropy. A disordered state has a high probability of occurring and high entropy. Gas has the highest entropy because it is more disordered than any other element. And solid is in the most ordered state therefore it has the lowest entropy. I know this is the first time you posted but I must inform you that integrity is essential in this sites posting. I recommend you follow your schools honor codes and not attempt to get any unauthorized aid from this site. Please check out this sites regulation page and please follow the rules of this site. I hope that I helped and good luck on your exam. (Helmenstine)I was delighted that I was able to receive help from a forum. After all, the online communities are similar to what Rheingold stated in his article Virtual Community. In the summer of 1986, my then-two-year-old daughter picked up a tick. There was this blood-bloated thing suck on our babys scalp, and we werent quiet sure how to go about getting it off.

Teenage Dating in the 1950s Essay -- Relationships

Teenage Dating in the 1950sTeenagers in the 1950s are so iconic that, for some, they represent the last generation of innocence before it is lost in the sixties. When asked to imagine this lost group, images of bobbysoxers, letterman jackets, malt shops and sock hops come instantly to mind. Images the likes of these are so classic, they, for a number of people, are as American as apple pie. They are produced and perpetuated by the media, through films like Grease and Pleasantville and television receiver shows like Happy Days, The Donna Reed Show, and Leave It to Beaver. Because of these entertainment forums, these images will continue to be a pop cultural symbol of the 1950s. After the second mankind War, teenagers became much more noticeable in America (Bailey 47). Their presence and existence became readily more apparent because they were granted more freedom than previous generations incessantly were.Teenagers like these were unique. They were given a chance to redefine the wa ys things were done in America. One of the conventions they put a new spin on, and consequently revolutionize, is the desire and practice of dating. The 1950s set up precedents in dating that led to what many consider normal dating today.ORIGINS OF DATINGDating is definitely an American phenomenon. few different countries carry on this practice with as much fervor as Americans do. Then again, few other countries have the same social conditions as America. Since the turn of the century, there has been a greater freedom between men and women, for example, both attend the same schools with the same classes. Both sexes become accustomed to the other at early ages which is very conducive to the practice of dating (Merrill 61).Dating essentially replaced the pra... ...isible. They drove cars and had money to spend. They were a new source of power, independent from their parents and attain for a change.Works CitedBailey, Beth. From Front Porch to Back Seat. Baltimore Johns Hopkins Univ ersity, 1988.Cross Country Report on Teens. cardinal Sept. 1959 134-135.Do I have the right to love? Seventeen May 1959 136.Gould, Sandra. Always Say Maybe. bran-new York Golden Press, 1960.How Much Do Boys Spend on Girls? Seventeen June 1959 75, 121.McGinnis, Tom. A Girls Guide to Dating and Going Steady. New York Doubleday, 1968.Merrill, Frances E. Courtship and Marriage. New York William Sloane, 1949.Sadler, William. Courtship and Love. New York Macmillan, 1952.Smith, Ken. Mental Hygiene Classroom Films 1945-1970. New York Blast Books, 1999.The Art of Pursuit. Seventeen Feb. 1959 72-73, 131.

Indian Film Industry Bollywood Essay

The entertainment industry in India has outperformed the economy and is integrity of the fastest growing sectors in India. However, it registered a moderate growth of over 6 per cent in 200.The industry is expected to grow from Rs. 166 billion (U.S. $ 3.45 billion) to Rs. 419 billion(U.S. $ 8.72 billion) by the year 2007. Film entertainment is the well-nigh popular form of entertainment and it is this unrelieved passion by dint of the decades that has driven India to be feel a go at it the largest bring forthr of leads in the world. Since 1931, when talkies were introduced in the country, the film industry has produced more than 67,000 films in more than 30 different languages and dialects.The film industry recorded a loss of Rs. 3 billion (U.S. $ 62.5 million) in gross revenues of Rs 39 billion (U.S. $ 812.5 million) in 2002. But, it is expected to grow annu bothy by 19 per cent to reach Rs. 93 billion (U.S. $ 1.93 billion) by 2007. The industry produced 1200 films in 2002, an d 1,013 films in 2001, up from 855 films in 2000. While Hindoo films continued to be the largest segment in 2001 (23 per cent sh atomic number 18), south Indian language films (Telegu, Tamil and Malyalam) return seen growth in their sh bes.Indias movie industry is a spacious sector for foreign investment by corporatized entertainment companies. Though risks are high on a per-movie basis, the risk spreads out across a add together of films. However, the domestic filmmaking industry, despite its profligacy, is yet to acquire the character of professionalism on a large scale.BRIEF HISTORY OF INDIAN MOVIE INDUSTRYWhen the Lumiere Br early(a)s first films were shown at Bombays Watsons Hotel in 1895 or when Dadasaheb Phalke released his epochal feature film Raja Harischandra in 1913, it is un alike(p)ly that either the exhibitors or the pioneer film churchman realised they were unleashing a mass entertainment spiritualist that would hold millions in sway for the next hundred years th at they were spawning an industry that in years to come would overtake the rest of theworld in film productionFor most Indians, moving picture is integral to their lives it is non a distant, two to three hour distraction, solely a vicarious lifestyle for them. The large screen provides an alternative, an escape from the realities of twenty-four hours-to-day life. The protagonists are tot solelyy identified with, the hero is applauded, the virtuous is worshipped and the villain is condemned. The actors and actresses are household names there is no escaping their omnipresence, from the Paanwala (betel vendor) to the most revered Indian painter they are all caught up with the magnetism of screen personalities.A domain of the vicissitudes of Indian celluloid would throw light on the progress of technology, especially cinematography, and the changing political scene and social mores and attitudes. The dim films launched by Phalke, which had titles in English, Gujarati, Hindi and U rdu, by and large related to myths and legends. The stories were familiar to the audience and required minimum commentary. Historicals also proved very popular Harsh, Chandragupta, Ashoka and the Mughal and Maratha kings strode the silver screen amidst cardboard pillars and in tinsel costumes.Strangely enough, while in the nineties we are still arguing over whether or not kissing should be shown on screen, in the first decade of Indian cinema, with the British paying scant at disco biscuittion to censorship except when the Establishment was attacked in any way leading heroines of the day kissed their leading men without inhibitions, like Lalita Pawar in Pati Bhakti (1922)With the advent of Gandhiji came the plea for according a better status to women, the removal of untouchability and a cry for religious harmony. The silent era of Hiralal Sen, Baburao Painter and R. Nataraja Mudaliar came to an end when Adershir M. Irani produced his first talkie, Alam Ara in 1931. If Phalke was the father of Indian cinema, Irani was the father of the talkie. The classic Hollywood musical Singing in the fall exemplifies the cynicism with which people first regarded the talking movie and this holds good for India as well.There were too many gargantuan problems to be tackled there were no dialogue writers, no lyricists songs had to be sung during the filming as prerecording facilities were yet unknown. Minimum instrumentswere use as the instrumentalists had to be camouflaged behind the singer. A quaint story goes that during the filming of a song the actress was getting agitated as the tabla beat was too fast. Finally the shooting had to be stopped and a hapless tabla player was pulled out of the kitty where he had been hidden. What can I do, he cried, a fish got into my dhoti (loin cloth).But the talking film had come to stay. Considering that even the silent film had a preponderance of songs, the talkie came to be more of a single the heroes and heroines sang their way throu gh the three-four hour movie. Histrionics and appearances counted less a singing talent was all that mattered. To this day the Indian film song has a unique thrall. The music director, the song writer and the playback singers have an unparalleled status in Indias cinema.If Bombay was the hub of primeval cinema the other centres were not far behind Calcutta and Madras with their own patriarchs were also making path-breaking films. Chandidas a film glorifying the Bhakti movement and castigating casteism, directed by Debaki Bose in 1932 for bleak Theatres, was lauded for its use of background music and dramatic narrative. K. Subrahmanyams Thyaga Bhoomi (1939) and Seva Sadan both advocated womens rights and self-dependence. Seva Sadan also introduced to the world through the silver screen, the great singer M.S. Subbalakshmi, who came to be immortalised for her image in and as the poet-saint Meera both in Hindi and Tamil.While it is almost impossible to even list all the luminaries of Indian cinema over ten decades, the Wadia Brothers deserve special mention, before going into the different genres. JBH and Homi Wadia were the forerunners of the stunt film the thirties was a period in Indian cinema when Wadia and Nadia were synonymous. Australian by birth, Mary Evans came to India with a dance troupe. She was asked to do a number for JBHs Noor-e-Yman she changed her name to Nadia. Besides being a lucky name, it rhymes with Wadia, she is reported to have said, and through various circumstances she became stunt actress for the Wadias, earning the sobriquet Fearless Nadia.The Wadias had a fixation for trains and made a number of films titled,Toofan Mail, Flying Ranee, Punjab Mail and so on. Nadia got so used to sitting on roof top of trains for her stunts that she became reluctant to step off and even demanded her lunch be sent up The true stunt woman, she grappled with a lion, did the trapeze, carried a calf and a man over running trains it is unlikely there coul d ever be another actress like Nadia. She married Homi in 1960, and disfranchised her last recently.The forties was a tumultuous decade the first half was ravaged by war and the second saw drastic political changes all over the world. Film-makers delved into contemporary themes. V. Shantaram, the doyen of lyrical films, made Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani a tribute to Dr. Dwaraknath Kotnis who went out with a medical team to China and died there. Shantarams other films were reformist but visually appealing, like, Do Aankhen Barah Haath, Pinjra, Chaani. But there were films where pure artistic merit supersedes social message as in Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje and Geet Gaya Pattharon Ne. South Indian films also gained great footing. AVM and Gemini were two of the most prolific producers crook out social drama in the South Indian languages as hearty as in Hindi.While the thespian actor Shivaji Ganesan delivered mind boggling soliloquies on screen, many of the politically inclined writers a nd actors of the south Indian screen began to use the medium for reaching out to people. The DMK stalwarts, Annadurai, Karunanidhi and MG Ramachandran did not even resort to subtlety. Naan anaittal adu nadandu vital sang MGR, (if I could be the decision maker, the poor of this world will not suffer.). The very titles of the films were chosen with care Rickshakaran (Rickshaw Driver), Muttukara Velan (cowherd Velan) and En Kadamai (my duty) to convey his identification with the masses. No wonder he was hailed Makkal Thilagam (gem amongst people). Just how effective was the use of the medium was amply proved with the party coming to power and MGR getting voted Chief Minister of the state.The other star who used the screen image to great advantage was N.T. Rama Rao of Andhra Pradesh. The veritable screen god, NTR played the role so often that he began believing in his divinity. Apparently so did a lot of other people in Andhra, which is why we had a second screen hero from south as Ch ief Minister.While the south was busy wooing the public for votes, Bombay was either turning out escapist fare, light, happy, musical films with Dilip Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Dev Anand, Shammi Kapoor, Kishore Kumar, Nargis, Madhubala, Nutan, Geeta Bali, Mala Sinha and others or gave the audience absolute tear jerkers with social melodrama. This was the golden era of music. Shankar- Jaikishan, O.P. Nayyar, Madan Mohan, C. Ramchandra, Salil Chaudhury, Naushad, S.D. Burman all had their distinctive sway. Each vied with the other to produce some of the most unforgettable melodies India has ever known. This was also the age of innocence the screen was black and white, the vamp and the heroine did not merge, they had their domains, there were no shades to the hero, a man was all good or rotten to the core. No double entendres were woven into the songs and even the vamp was decently attired on the screen.This was the era of Raj Kapoor, of Shree 420, Awara, boot Polish, Jagte Raho, Chori Chori and of course his magnum opus Mera Naam Joker he was still making and acting in enduring films, the tramp who is not able to cope with the pace of the world. He caught up with times and his films changed with Sangam, Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai, Satyam Shivam Sundaram and Ram Teri Ganga Maili. Dilip Kumar and Guru Dutt were excellent foils to the chocolate-faced heroes as tragedy kings. So were Meena Kumari and Bina Rai amongst the heroines. But such was their versatility that they could also carry off comedy effectively. Two great Hindi films of the fifties that deserve mention are K. Asifs Mughal-e-Azam (took 14 years to make and is one of the most lavishly produced historical of Indian cinema) and Mehboob caravan inns Mother India, which is said to have gained the status of Gone With the Wind.In the meantime in Bengal, the man who was to take Indian cinema to the international domain of a function and win accolades from the greatest film- makers, Satyajit Ray, released his first film, Pather Panchali (1955). After his trilogy there was no looking back for him or for cinema from Bengal. Mrinal Sen conveyed his quiet commitment to socialism through films like Calcutta, Oka Orie Katha (Telugu) and Bhuvan Shome. Director Ritwik Ghatak gave us memorable films Meghe Dhaka Tara and Subarnarekha. Although Bengal also came up with films that asked for a willing suspension of disbelief, these wereexceptions sooner than the rule as in Bombay films, where the Mukherjis, Sippys, Chopras, Chakraborty and Manmohan Desai produced one bonanza after another for the masses and laughed all the way to their banks. There was no market for serious films, it was felt, and the classics that failed to break even like Guru Dutts Kagaz ke Phool and Raj Kapoors Mera Naam Joker, only strengthened the conviction. The former committed suicide and the latter resorted to the populist fare with Bobby.It was only after the political relation set up the Film finance Corporation (FFC, w hich in 1980 came to be known as NFDC i.e. National Film Development Corporation) that several small but serious film makers got the wherewithal to make films, famous among them being Mani Kaul, Kumar Shahani and GV Iyer (with his maiden venture in Sanskrit, Adi Sankaracharya). The Corporation also partnered the making of Attenboroughs Gandhi and financed Satyajit Rays Ghare Baire which was to be one of the last films of the master.Like cinema in Bengal, Malayalam cinema too was meaningful but it took a longer time to get noticed. In fact it was Ramu Kariats melodious tragedy Chemmeen taking the Presidents gold medal in 1965 that drew attention to Malayalam cinema. Adoor Gopalakrishnan (Swayamvaram) and others all gained similar recognition in the years to come. With actor Prem Nazir doing stellar roles in a record breaking 600 films, Malayalam films have come to be characterised by simple narration of powerful stories, authentic locales and low cost production.The Karanth (BV) K arnad (Girish) combine have produced two milestone Kannada films Vamsa Vriksha and Samskara, both essentially iconoclast in treatment. Though much talked about, the critique of caste brahmins, the theme of both films was later seen to be rather extreme. In this context it is worthwhile to mention two films made in Tamil on the same subject. Vedam Pudithu directed by P. Bharatiraja and Ore Oru Gramathile by K. Jyothi Pandyan. Both carried pixilated indictments against caste hierarchy and the common mans struggle to overcome it, but retained a balance rather unusual for Tamil films.With government funds available for making films, the seventies saw an unhealthy divide between the existing commercial or mainstream cinema and the new parallel cinema or art films. The former was condemned unequivocally by the critics but continued to fill the coffers while the latter got rave reviews, bewildered the masses and created deep dents in government resources. Fortunately this situation did n ot last long, for soon there came a crop of film makers who realised that meaningful films need not of necessity incur heavy losses. Shyam Benegal, (Ankur, Nishant, Manthan) proved that there was an audience for films without frills but with a strong story and interesting narration. Govind Nihalani, Jabbar Patel, Mahesh Bhatt, K. Balachander, Bharati Raja, Adoor Gopalakrishnan, all fell into this category.Around this time, the singular phenomenon, the violent young man with his dark looks, smouldering eyes and mesmerising voice, Amitabh Bachchan, began to stride the scene like a colossus. He introduced to cinema for the first time as a cult, the negative or the anti-hero. Special screen plays were written for this hero seeking vengeance and taking on single-handed an unsympathetic establishment and inadequate effective system.The eighties saw the advent of women film makers, Vijaya Mehta (Rao Sabeb), Aparna Sen (36, Chowringhee Lane, Paroma), Sai Paranjpye (Chashme Baddoor, Katha , Sparsh), Kalpana Lajmi (Ek Pal and, later the much acclaimed Rudali), Prema Karanth (Phaniamma) and Meera Nair (Salaam Bombay). The most commendable thing about these directors is their individuality. Their films have strong content and are told with passion, (only Sai has tackled light hearted subjects).In the nineties, Indian cinema faces tough competition from television the cable network gives viewers any number of channels and though the most popular channels continue to be the film-based ones, the cinema halls have taken a beating. Nevertheless, films like Aditya Chopras maiden effort, Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge and Suraj Barjatyas Hum Aapke Hain Kaun have broken all records, because they recall the innocence of the fifties, a novelty in this age of sex and violence. This gives hope.Cinema in India can never cease, it has gone too deep into our psyche. It may undergo several reverses in fortune. With other mediums opening up, there will be a smaller market for films. Livin g as we are in a global village today, we are becoming a more discerning audience. No longer are we going to figure out up every mediocre fare dished out by the moghuls of cinema only the best will survive. And this is just as well.

Food Dye Lab Essay

Abstract The purpose of this lab was to determine the diet soils present in a selected beverage, their tightfistedness, and then replicate the solution within a 20% margin of error. The beverage we chose was Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush. A spectrometer was used to determine which food dyes were present in the sampled beverage, red 40 and blue 1 were determined to be present. The next blackguard was to determine the ducking of the dyes, this was done by examination the absorbance of the red 40 and blue 1 dyes at varying concentrations 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%. The results for each dye were then plot in a graph and a trendline was added. The slopes of the trendlines (y=mx) for red 40 and blue 1 were then used to determine the concentrations, which were found to be 15.34% (0.0000138 counterspy/L) and 14.12% (0.0000028 mol/L) respectively. To replicate the color of the original beverage a 100mL solution was designed, containing 15.34mL red 40, 14.12mL blue 1, and 70.54mL deioniz ed (DI) water.Introduction This lab was divided into three sections identifying which dyes are present, determining the concentration of those dyes, and finally to recreate the solution within a 20% margin of error. To identify the dyes present a sample of the beverage was tested in a spectrometer, the highest absorption rates were found to be at 503.7 nm (A=0.281) and 630.7 nm (A=0.270). This lead to the conclusion that the beverage contained red 40 and blue 1. To determine the concentration of the dyes a series of dilutions was prepared for both dyes and tested with the spectrometer. This data was converted into point graphs and a trendline was established. The slope of the trendline (y=mx) was then multiplied by the Absorbance of the associated dye to square off the concentration. The final goal was to replicate the beverage using the data gathered. To accomplish this a solution was designed consisting of 15.34% red 40 and 14.12% blue 1.Experimental surgical process To complete the experiment a variety of materials and equipment was required. The spectrometer tests required a computer with Logger Pro software, samples of Gatorade Frost Riptide Rush as head as red 40 and blue 1 dyes, DI water, a spectrometer, cuvettes. In order to prepare the dilutions and replicated solution 10mL & 100mL graduated cylinders, various beakers, a 200mL erlenmeyer flask, and a folderol stirring rod.To identify the dyes present in the Gatorade, a test was performed with the spectrometer. The first step was to set-up the spectrometer and calibrate it using a sample of pure DI water. pastime this a cuvette was partially filled with a sample of Gatorade and inserted into the spectrometer to be tested. The points of highest absorption were determined to indicate the presence of red and blue dyes.The initial step to determine the concentration of the dyes preliminaryly found was to prepare a set of serial dilutions at 20%/40%/60%/80%/100% dye concentration. To prepare the 20% d ilution 1mL of red 40/blue 1 was combined with 4mL of DI water. This method was used to produce the remaining dilutions with 2mL/3mL, 3mL/2mL, 4mL/1mL, and 5mL/0mL (mL dye / mL DI water). Each of the previous dilutions was tested in the spectrometer and data was recorded. Using the data obtained two Beer Law plots were plotted for both dyes and trendlines were added. The slope of the trendline was found and used to calculate the developed (mol/L) and percent concentrations of red 40 and blue 1 in the selected Gatorade.In order to replicate the color of the Gatorade, a 100mL solution consisting of red 40, blue 1, and DI water. This was complaisant by combining 15.34mL red 40, 14.12mL blue 1, and 70.54mL DI water in a 200mL erlenmeyer flask. A sample of this solution was then transferred into a cuvette to be tested in the spectrometer. The solution was tested alongside the data from the Gatorade sample, and the margin of error was calculated to conclude how similar the two solutions were.

Compare the suitability of Greenfield and Brownfield sites for housing development

A) Compare the suitability of Greenfield and Brownfield spots for housing developmentIf new-made homes were built, then almost would be in farming(prenominal) scopes and some in the cities. There are major arguments over the proportion of the new households that should be in cities, rural areas, villages and towns. This has become the debate other whether new homes should be on Greenfield or Brownfield come to, which are vague terms.Brownfield land is sometimes used to refer to land in urban areas. A more narrow commentary is land urban areas that look at been previously developed often for industry, offices and housing. Some Brownfield state of affairss will have been cleared of old patterning, others will not. Brownfield land can be found in both major cities and small towns.Greenfield land is land that has never been developed and includes wasteland that no one ever wanted to build on, protected areas such as the green belt, and parks, golf courses and playing fields. Th ere is both rural Greenfield land and urban Greenfield land. It is not the same as greenway land.The target set by the Government is for 60% of new houses to be on Brownfield land. Countryside and environmental organisations have argued the figure should be nearer 75%. The urban Task Force, established in 1998 by the government argued that the 60% target would not be met for 3 reasons there is a mismatch between where land is available (northern England) and where pressure for housing is the greatest (south east England) too much Greenfield land is already allocated for housing the supply for Brownfield land is quite limited, sometimes in undesirable locations and often as high development costs due to clearing old buildings and contamination.Those who support a high proportion of new houses on urban Brownfield sites claim that it has economic, social and environmental benefits. Urban residents will be near to work and leisure activities will be able to use commonplace transport, t his would mean less car-related energy use and pollution. Brownfield development would protect rural lifestyles and the countryside and increase in car use would be averted. Arguments for building on rural Greenfield sites claim that land is usually cheaper to develop in rural areas because it has not been built on before. There is still plenty of rural land. In 1991, plainly 10.6% of land in England was in urban use and if development patterns continued as they have done then this figure would rise to only 11.9% by 2016.Much agricultural land is doing nothing. In 1995, 545,000 hectares of farming land (5.8% of the total) were set aside and receiving European Union subsidy. Also many farmers are experiencing difficulties, 60,000 farming jobs have been lost in the last decade. People want to live in environmentally pleasant rural areas because they have less pollution, crime and noise. This includes many of the new households that will be single person households, such as divorced p eople with children and widowers, many of whom will not want to live in densely populated cities.B) What are the consequences of re-urbanisation in Brighton and Hove and to what extent has this resulted in gentrification.Examples of gentrification have been shown in the consequences of Brighton and Hoves re urbanisation. Gentrification is the process where by sustained buildings in an inner area of a city are bought and improved to become homes for the middle class and wealthy. This has occurred in a number of areas in Brighton and Hove. An cause of the renovation of Brighton and Hove is shown at City College in capital of Virginia Terrace, where the windows have been designed with stained glass. Previous windows had suffered deterioration through lack of maintenance and investment since the 1960s.The main cause of this deterioration was due to the fact that the Richmond Terrace site had very little money to pay for repairs and maintenance for the windows as not many students were taking up the science and engineering courses the site had to offer. This was mainly due to the fact that there was a reduction in apprenticeship schemes. This eventually led to the abandonment of the site. Amenities and other additions made the redevelopment of the site a costly process. However, this was helped by private investments. One and two bedroom apartments have been created within the college and the prices for these starts at around 200,000.Since the re urbanisation of Brighton and Hove, many sites, standardised Richmond Terrace, have been recognised as having potential for gentrification. The modernisation of houses in Pelham Square within the North Laine area is another example. These run-down terrace houses directly halt the wealthy. Private homeowners have gentrified them with no direct intervention from the Council. Gentrification also occurred after the Argus offices re-located out of this zone to an industrial estate. The building was left lift before a major fire in the winter of 1999/2000 this led to it becoming derelict. However, this has now led to it becoming an area of high status architect homes.Although to a large extent Brighton and Hoves re urbanisation has resulted in gentrification, there have been other consequences. The renovation of the North Laine area has been sensitive to preserve its character, an example of which is the improvement made to the Sydney Street. The narrow street has been made a one-way thoroughfare so less traffic passes through. It also has a widened pavement to accommodate for pedestrians and has been repaved. There are also sections of raised road to slow cars, and bollards have been erected to discourage parking on the pavements thereby making the street more pleasant.Brighton and Hove has accredited Single Regeneration Budget funding from the government for urban improvement because the council has proved to be effective in this area, this funding is also there because the area has been recognize d as having a relatively high incidence of social problems and unemployment. To gain this funding, the council must locate matched investment, thus contributing to Brighton and Hoves re urbanisation and revivification as the place to be.

Gender role Essay

Bros before hos, The abuse code, is a piece by Michael Kimmel, published on the Anthology portable legacies on 2009 On this piece Kimmel explains what The guy code is and how these code defines guys masculinity in todays society and how society expects guys to behave. Kimmel too explains that young boys atomic number 18 taught these rules by a male figure in their lives at a very young age and they grow up with the pressure of having to follow these rules no discipline what. The guy code is a collection of rules, traits and values that attain a existence. What is a serviceman? was the question asked to teenagers in their late teens and early 20s. Where their answers were things resembling Boys dont c in all, Dont get mad Get even, Take it like a man, and m whatsoever more than.Kimmel then proceeds and gives the four rules that have been summarized by Robert Brannon, a social psychologist of the 1970s. Some of these rules are No sissy stuff, Be a Big Wheel, Be a Sturdy Oak, Give em Hell. (655) These rules supposedly define masculinity and that one a man disobeys those rules, the risk is being bullied with words like fagot and gay that are used as an insult to describe a mans weakness. The guy code also creates competition between most men, from playing the best sports, break jobs, pretties missy, nicer cars, etc. and it has been like this from a long time ago receivable to men wanting the power, respect, and that image of being better than the other man. Creating the image that all men are supposed to be unsensational, powerful and successful beings. Kimmel also claims that in the future, the guy code causes social and psychological problems for boys and young men.Renteria 2 Men have been taught this guy code ever since they were young boys their uncles, grandpas, dad, coaches, peers or any male figure in a mans life are the ones that start tell little boys to man up or dont cry and is no longer able to cry or show emotion, leading to their behavi or in the future. The little kids learn to of all time hold in their emotion and to never show weakness. Kimmel then gives an example of how boys are introduced to the guy code A three year old boy that was crying at the barbershop because he was burnt by hot chemicals. The barber said to the boys dad, he was a wimp for crying and he needed to stay away from his mom and the boys dad decided after that, his child was spending more time with him and less time with his mother because he was scared of his sonbeing a mamas boy. (659) As a child grows up and parents push them to be strong and tough by keeping them away from their mothers nurturing.Kimmel also talks about the Gender constabulary that is basically other guys around them who watch and judge how they act , what they wear and say even how they walk because with a little natural swing on their hips they could be called a fag making homosexuality seems as a weakness. The gender police makes them feel like they are ust waiting f or someone else to betray up, for someone to wear something pink or acting a little bit feminine. and just putting standards for each other, forcing themselves and guys around them to create a fix cover where they act rough and manly around each other. This judgments make man feel like they are being watched because of the fear of being ridiculed and impoverished by their peers. Kimmel said that men are more about what other men think about them however the judgment from girls because as a girl the social media taught us to be attracted to tough guys,for example in any Disney movie where the superhero is the dependable, rich, handsome, muscular guy who takes care and provides everything for the girl, creating an idea that masculinity is success, wealth and power.Renteria 3 Peers are another big influence and problem of this guy code. Another example from the article is about Don,a former Lehigh College football player, who discuses the effects of always having to put up a front a nd act tough in front of his teammates and his coaches. He says that his coach would always make fun of or disgrace any one of his players for viewing any sign of weakness or fatigue. Don says Im sure he thought he was mental synthesis up our strength and ability to play, but it wore me out trying to pretend all the time, to suck it up and just take it.(656) If a guy doesnt follow the rules in the guy code he will be criticized by other man, often times bullied, and lose friends which leads to low self-stem. Men are scared of what other men will say or think about them regardless of the situation.While the Guy Code may have been meant to make men stronger it causes more harm than good turning out more self destructive in the end It causes them to grow up thinking that showing emotion is never an option, which leads them to depression, and emotion issues, aggression towards themselves and the ones around them. Kimmels article is really good, since it talks about a topic that need to be discussed more it gives examples andeven talks about of where the problem begins but it still seems quite limited to me since as Kimmel explains what the guy code is, it still does not apply to all man, for the reasons that for some guys, the guy code is just a challenge or a phase where they learn how to express their emotions, also the question that were being asked besides cover white middle class man that live in a certain area, In America theres a peachy variety of immigrants coming from places all around the world, also if Kimmel had questioned people from a less homophobic part of the country, then there would be a better chance of getting a more gender equal survey.Work citedKimmel, Michael. Bros before hos, The guy code. Anthology Portable Legacies 2nd edition. Ed. Jan Zlotnik Schmidt and Lynne Crockett. Boston, MA, 2009. 654 669. Print.

The Motivation of Love in “a Worn Path” by Eudora Welty

Love is a very powerful and compelling feeling. It may lead people to act in slipway that they never have before and to move people to overcome and accomplish tasks that would otherwise seem impossible. Sophocles once stated, One word frees us all in all(prenominal) of the incubus and pain of life That word is love. This statement is the underlying factor that motivates the main character in Eudora Weltys short story, A Worn Path. The story portrays an senile womans journey to the city during a frozen day in December to obtain medicine for her grandsons chronically sore throat.Welty uses well symbolism throughout the story to depict just how influential love can be. From the beginning, Welty reiterates the fact that phoenix, the elderly grandmother, is very old and poor. genus Phoenix is very humiliated and fragile, walks very slowly and uses a thin cane while striving not to fall with every step she takes, has an apron made of sugar sacks, and many another(prenominal) wri nkles embedded on her face. Welty also hints to the reader that the grandmother has very weak eyesight, possibly cataracts disease.Phoenix even mistakes a scarecrow for a man jump in the field and laughs while saying, My smells is gone. I too old. I the oldest people I ever know (802). After presented with these facts, one may be skeptical of Phoenix completing even half of the journey since elderly people are usually associated with words like slow, weak, and inactive. Phoenix, however, contradicts the accepted image of a common grandmother. Instead, Phoenixs characteristics consist of being active, strong, and full of desire. The except motivating factor that ignites these characteristics in her is the love for her grandson.She has the mindset that she will endure any breas cardinalrk in order to obtain medicine just so her grandson can live with the least pain possible. As she finally begins her journey, Phoenix experiences many obstacles that repulse her to show her inner strength. Every stage of Phoenixs journey is difficult. Welty shows strong symbolism through each obstacle presented before the grandmother. The name Phoenix also describes a bird that is fabled to live up to 500 years old only to burn itself and rise again from its ashes in sauciness of youth. This symbol may represent a new hope or an emblem of being restored after great uffering, just like the grandmother is re-create with new hope and motivation after completing each obstacle. Right away as the path turns into a hill, Phoenix is setback. She says, Seem like at that place is chains about my feet, time I hold out this far. Something always takes a hold of me on this hill pleads I should stay (800). Just as she exerts large strength to conquer the hill, her dress gets caught in a thorn bush and she again is setback. This situation exemplifies how poor she is because she tries so hard to break free without vehement her dress.The next challenge is climbing through a barbed-wi re fence. For such an old and frail woman, one would think it would be hard to crouch down and funk on her hands and knees. Ironically, however, Phoenix is only concerned with not tearing her dress on the fence. Once again, this shows the incredible heart and desire she has to complete her journey. other use of masterful symbolism is when Phoenix encounters a buzzard. She looks up and says, Who you watching? (801) as if she is telling the buzzard that she is not even close to death or defeat and will not fall victim to it anytime soon.With the courage to move on and with the huge hill behind her, Phoenix treads on only to bump off upon a swamp filled with alligators. Quietly, she passes unharmed until a black quest after surprises her. The tiny old woman hits it with her extremely thin cane but only goes tumbling into a ditch. Once again, any elderly human might own up or not even be able to get out of the ditch. However, Phoenixs heart is set out to make it to town and back w ithout even thinking twice. She even says to herself, Old woman, that black dog come up out of the weeds to stall you off, and now there he sitting on his fine tail, smiling at you (802).A racialist white man then helps her out of the ditch but continues to insult her with racial comments and even points his gun at her. Phoenix shows her inner strength by staying calm and repaying him by carefully snatching the nickel that he had dropped. Despite all of these oppressing obstructions, Phoenix makes it into town. It is truly amazing to see how much adversity a someone will endure in the name of love. Once Phoenix reaches the hospital, her age greatly shows in her restlessness and forgetfulness of why she even traveled that far.The trips purpose is forgotten because the actions have been repeated so often that Phoenix is able to make the journey just as regular as clockwork (804), proving that this is a trip repeated frequently through the dedication of love. The nurses know exactly w hy she came and give her the medicine saying that its an obstinate case (805). Because the grandsons condition shows no signs of improvement, the nurses give Phoenix the medicine out of sympathy because she traveled so far. To Phoenix, however, it is the only way to show love to her grandson.She never chooses to give up because the process of obtaining the medicine is just as important as the result. Especially because the grandsons condition is not getting better, a renewed sense of hope arrives when Phoenix obtains more medicine. She wants nothing more than to help her grandsons sore throat subside. It is almost as if Phoenix feels that making this journey is all that she can do for her loved one. Her love, however, does not stop after obtaining the medicine. After one nurse gave Phoenix a nickel in the spirit of Christmas, she takes the two nickels that she now has to buy her grandson a paper windmill.Phoenixs actions can be classified as heroic because her sheer determination an d love for her grandson is all that motivates her throughout her expedition. A journey filled with such danger could only be endured with love as motivation. The compelling force of love is what continues to hold Phoenix together and helps her to overcome many obstacles despite her old age. As an old senile woman that perseveres through difficult travel and near insanity, Phoenixs character embodies the theme that love is a very influential force in many peoples lives.

Report of the Interpretive Simulations

AllSmile Annual Report Years One Three - Bradyn Carson, Clarissa McMickle, Micheal Sullivan, Peiying Li ideal Smile Just a Brush Away Mission Statement AllSmiles mission is to provide quality toothpaste glob completelyy at a bazar and honest price, providing customer service with a smile. Motto Perfect Smile Just a Brush Away - Table of Contents To our Sh areholdersPage 2 cap energy Future Decisions Page 2 Challenges and Decisions in Year Three Page 3 Sales and Earnings Trends Page 4 Industry ComparisonPage 5 Income StatementPage 6 TO OUR SHAREHOLDERS Last year was a big year we delivered strong results, launched fantastic new products and services, and positioned AllSmile for an incredible upcoming. For fiscal year, we also maintained strong cost guinea pig resulting in cash flow from operations of $104. 7 million, an increase in manufacturer sales by 23 percent from the prior year. At the stem of our first year we built a million dollar plant in Brazil. We look forward to all the opportunities this plant will provide for our fellowship such as much lower cost of goods manufactured.We delivered these results by providing new products that help the families in the communities. We look forward to all the great opportunities in the future that our products will bring to Latin American individuals. Potential Future Decisions AllSmile has made an impact in the industry over the past three occlusives due to our ability to compete in terms of pricing, advert, production, and distribution. We plan on increasing our competitiveness in the Latin American grocery by expanding our brands products to purify serve our product demand and also by looking into new markets to preface.When deciding what new products to implement (if any), we will extensively research demographics, both tender and economic, and potential demand for these products. It is very important for us to choose products that produce high margins. We will accomplish this by analyzing our costs associated with producing the products and determining the demand for the product. As far as pricing, AllSmile was able to compete with the large brands during the first three periods. We intend on continuing this, as well as focusing on competing better against local and regional brands in order to increase our total market share in Brazil.As the market matures in Brazil, we may need to enter a new market in order to increase revenues and maintain our strong growth. Some important characteristics we will analyze are Population, gross domestic product and GDP per capita, inflation, poverty, labor costs, shipping costs, tariffs, as well as other political, fond, and economic factors. Since completion of our production plant after period one, our costs of goods manufactured has declined each year. This cost reduction will allow us to allocate more funds to areas that grow our revenue such as advertising, promotion, and a larger sales force. Challenges and Decisions in Year Thre eOur group chose Brazil as the market to enter. We considered the national population, GPD, per capita income and other factors. Toothpaste is an ordinary and special commodity. It is ordinary, because you can easily find toothpaste everywhere, every dwelling house can afford it. It is special, because no matter a men, women, old people or children both the workers and peasants, or drivers, or white-collar workers, and even national leadership no matter the richest, the poor, all of them need to use it, it is a necessity product. Brazils population is the largest in the choice of six countries, and their GDP is the highest, GDP / Capita is low.However, due to the catholicity of the toothpaste, toothpaste has low prices. It will not be a burden on the economy of the Brazilian family. Therefore, we have chosen Brazil as enter the market. beforehand the first sales year, we established in Brazil a native plant, which has a capacity of 100 million units. According to Brazil basic soc ial characteristics, and several other major competitors product, we decided our product types covered by the child toothpaste for the kids, healthy toothpaste for the elder, white toothpaste for young people, economic toothpaste for family.Our team pricing standards are to ensure that conjunction earnings, guaranteed price competitive enough in the market, and guaranteed consumers can afford the price. The end of the first year, we had 30% of the products left, in view of the traditional market accounted for 40. 5% of the overall toothpaste market, we decided to increase three sales people into traditional sales channels in the next year. Due to the selling of substantial market Economy toothpaste are great, we add advertising investment. At the same time, the poor sell of childrens toothpaste prompted us to reduce 5 million budgets on its advertising fee.According to the results of marketing, and sales of other companies, appropriate to improve the economy, white, healthy toothp aste price and their allowance, try to stimulate the sales. The end of the second year, we left 16% of the products, the market response is good, so we only slightly increased the economy toothpaste prices, reduce the allowance of white, healthy toothpaste. Given the improved performance, the other company has a large number of sales people, we added two sales people to tralatitious channel, ten to the hypermarket channel, five to the wholesale channel, trying to expand the market.On the other hand, due to the increase of 17 sales people, the stimulant is too high, so we decided to reduce the overall investment in advertising in the next year. Sales and Earnings Trends AllSmile has started off strong in period one and has maintained that momentum throughout the one-third period, with expectations of continuing the sales growth. At the end of period one AllSmile unit sales number 71. 8 million with a 6. 5% share. Our manufacturer sales totaled 72. 4 million with a 6. 2% share. Gr oss margins for the first period were 9. 5 million with a -24. 4 million net contribution.Even with negative contributions AllSmile momentum was able to carry us to a overconfident net contribution by the end of the third period. In the second period, AllSmile gained 12. 1 million in unit sales totaling 83. 9 million with a 7. 5 share. Manufacturer sales gained 17. 8 million totaling 90. 2 million with a 7. 3 share. Gross margins also gained 26. 4 million ending with 35. 9 million, which was a growth of 279. 5%. Net contribution also improved with only -3. 0 million compared to first periods -24. 4 million. Sales growth continued in the third period as well with even higher numbers.The third period, AllSmile unit sales had a 13. 0% growth totaling 94. 7 million. Manufacturer sales had a 16. 1% growth totaling at 104. 7 million. Gross margins growth was 28. 9% ending at 46. 3 million. Finally net contribution finally cease positive with 10. 0 million. Unit Sales Manufacturer Sales Gross Margins Net Contributions By the end of period three, AllSmile earning trends showed that the Hypermarket channel we entered totaled 85. 2% of sales compared to the Traditional and Wholesale channels. Traditional channels totaled 8. % and Wholesales totaled 6. 0%. Industry Comparison AllSmile has six main competitors in Brazil Britesmile, Clean+White, Dentacare, Eversmile, Local 1 and Regional 1. At the end of period one AllSmile ranked higher than Clean+White and Eversmile in market shares sales in Brazil. By the third period, AllSmile was competing head to head with Regionals, and Local competitors in market shares. Period 3 Period 3 Throughout the industry overall, AllSmile is competing with Regional completion in all countries. AllSmile has gross margins of 44. 2%, compared to Regional completion that had 46. 6%.Even though Regional gross margins are slightly greater than ours, it is a great accomplishment for our company to surpass the other completion in our industry. Al lSmile is well on our way to being the most competitive industry in the near future. Income Statement For Periods ended 1, 2 and 3 (Values in Millions of Dollars) Revenue Period 3 Period 2 Period 1 Total Revenue $104. 70 $90. 20 $72. 40 Mfr. Allowance 9. 6 9. 1 6. 5 Cost of Goods Sold 47. 8 44. 3 42. 3 Shipping and Tariffs 0. 9 0. 8 14. 1 Total COGS 58. 4 54. 2 62. Gross Margin $46. 3 $35. 9 $9. 50 Expenses Promotion Expense 7. 6 7. 5 5 Advertising Expense 10. 3 14. 4 13. 1 Sales Expense 1. 7 0. 7 0. 5 Administrative Expense 4 3. 7 2. 7 Total Expense 23. 6 26. 3 21. 3 Contribution after Marketing $22. 7 $9. 60 ($11. 80) Fixed Costs 2. 4 2. 3 2. 2 Plant Deprecation 10. 3 10. 3 10. 3 Total Fixed Costs 12. 7 12. 6 12. 5 Net Income $10. 00 ($3. 00) ($24. 40)